Assume two distribution boards: DB1 MD = 12 kW, DB2 MD = 10 kW Diversity factor = 1.2 Main MD = (12 + 10) / 1.2 = (similar to above)
How do we find this "magic number"? There are four primary methods used by professionals: Do I need a 3-phase connection for my home? - Facebook
Diversity Factor=∑(Individual Maximum Demands)Maximum Demand of the Total SystemDiversity Factor equals the fraction with numerator sum of open paren Individual Maximum Demands close paren and denominator Maximum Demand of the Total System end-fraction maximum demand calculation
MD is not the instantaneous peak (which may last milliseconds), but the sustained peak over a sliding window (e.g., 30 minutes). Utilities use MD to size transformers, cables, and to penalize industrial users for poor load factor.
The main incoming supply and distribution boards for this facility would be specified to handle a continuous running load of at least , plus any designated spare capacity for future expansion. 5. Modern Challenges and Advanced Optimization Assume two distribution boards: DB1 MD = 12
The following table summarizes the load breakdown and applied diversity: Load Group Description Connected Load (A) Diversity Factor (%) Assessed Demand (A) All internal/external LED fittings [e.g., 66%] Power Outlets General purpose socket outlets [e.g., 100% of first + 40% balance] Heating/AC HVAC units and water heaters [e.g., 75%–100%] Cooking Electric ranges and ovens [Standard allowance] Specialized EV chargers, lifts, machinery [e.g., 75%–100%]
On-site renewable generation offsets grid demand. Calculations must account for bi-directional energy flows and peak shaving capabilities of battery storage. Utilities use MD to size transformers, cables, and
compares a system’s actual peak demand to its total connected load: DF = (Maximum Demand of the system) / (Total Connected Load). It answers: “At the moment of peak load, what fraction of all installed equipment is actually running?”
For industrial and commercial facilities, the general formula for calculating MD in Connected Load Load Factor Power Factor